NAME?
Names of places (toponyms) on a route sign indicating their direction in Bali, Indonesia
A proper noun is a term used for identification past an external observer. They tin can identify a class or category of things, or a single affair, either uniquely, or inside a given context. The entity identified by a proper name is chosen its referent. A personal proper noun identifies, not necessarily uniquely, a specific individual human being. The proper name of a specific entity is sometimes called a proper proper name (although that term has a philosophical meaning besides) and is, when consisting of only i word, a proper noun. Other nouns are sometimes called "common names" or (obsolete) "full general names". A name can be given to a person, place, or thing; for example, parents can requite their child a proper noun or a scientist can requite an element a name.
Etymology
The word name comes from Old English nama; cognate with Old High High german (OHG) namo, Sanskrit नामन् (nāman), Latin nomen, Greek ὄνομα (onoma), and Persian نام (nâm), from the Proto-Indo-European (PIE) *h₁nómn̥.[ane] Outside Indo-European, it tin be connected to Proto-Uralic *nime.
Naming conventions
A naming convention is a set of agreed, stipulated, or more often than not accustomed standards, norms, social norms, or criteria for naming things.
Parents may follow a naming convention when selecting names for their children. Some have called alphabetical names by birth lodge. In some Due east Asian cultures it is mutual for one syllable in a two-syllable given name to exist a generation name which is the same for firsthand siblings. In many cultures it is common for the son to be named after the father or a granddad. In certain African cultures, such as in Republic of cameroon, the eldest son gets the family name for his given name. In other cultures, the name may include the place of residence, or the place of nativity. The Roman naming convention denotes social rank.
Major naming conventions include:
- Astronomical naming conventions
- In biology, binomial nomenclature
- In chemistry, chemic nomenclature
- In classics, Roman naming conventions
- In computer programming, identifier naming conventions
- In reckoner networking, estimator naming schemes
- Planetary nomenclature in planetary science
- In sciences more often than not, systematic names for a diverseness of things
Products may follow a naming convention. Automobiles typically have a binomial proper name, a "make" (manufacturer) and a "model", in addition to a model yr, such as a 2007 Chevrolet Corvette. Sometimes there is a name for the motorcar's "decoration level" or "trim line" every bit well: due east.g., Cadillac Escalade EXT Platinum, after the precious metallic. Computers oft have increasing numbers in their names to signify the adjacent generation.
Courses at schools typically follow a naming convention: an abbreviation for the discipline area and and then a number ordered past increasing level of difficulty.
Many numbers (e.one thousand., banking concern accounts, government IDs, credit cards, etc.) are non random but have an internal structure and convention. Virtually all organizations that assign names or numbers will follow some convention in generating these identifiers. Airline flying numbers, Infinite Shuttle flight numbers, even phone numbers all have an internal convention.
Personal name
A signature is a person'due south own handwritten proper name
A personal proper name is an identifying word or words by which an individual is intimately known or designated.[ii] In many countries, it is traditional for individuals to have a personal name (besides called a given proper noun or first name) and a surname (also called a final name or family name considering information technology is shared by members of the same family unit).[3] Some people have 2 surnames, one inherited from each parent. In virtually of Europe and the Americas, the given proper noun typically comes before the surname, whereas in parts of Asia and Hungary the surname comes before the given name. In some cultures information technology is traditional for a woman to have her hubby's surname when she gets married.
A common practice in many countries is patronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given name of ane'southward father. A less common practise in countries is matronym which means that a component of a personal name is based on the given proper name of one's mother. In some East Asian cultures, information technology is traditional for given names to include a generation proper noun, a syllable shared between siblings and cousins of the same generation.
Middle names are as well used past many people as a third identifier, and can be chosen for personal reasons including signifying relationships, preserving pre-marital/maiden names (a popular do in the United States), and to perpetuate family names. The do of using heart names dates back to ancient Rome, where information technology was common for members of the aristocracy to have a praenomen (a personal name), a nomen (a family unit proper noun, non exactly used the way middle names are used today), and a cognomen (a name representing an individual attribute or the specific co-operative of a person'southward family).[4] Middle names eventually fell out of use, but regained popularity in Europe during the nineteenth century.[4]
Besides first, middle, and last names, individuals may also accept nicknames, aliases, or titles. Nicknames are informal names used by friends or family to refer to a person ("Chris" may exist used as a curt form of the personal proper noun "Christopher"). A person may choose to use an alias, or a imitation name, instead of their real name, peradventure to protect or obscure their identity. People may too accept titles designating their role in an institution or profession (members of regal families may use various terms such as King, Queen, Duke, or Duchess to signify their positions of authority or their relation to the throne).[3]
Names of names
In onomastic terminology, personal names of men are called andronyms (from Ancient Greek ἀνήρ / man, and ὄνομα / proper noun),[five] while personal names of women are called gynonyms (from Ancient Greek γυνή / woman, and ὄνομα / name).[vi]
| Name of ... | Name of name |
|---|---|
| Total name of a person | Personal proper noun |
| First proper noun of a person | Given proper name |
| Family name | Surname |
| Residents of a locality | Demonym |
| Ethnic group | Ethnonym |
| False or assumed name | Pseudonym |
| Pseudonym of an writer | Pen name |
| Pseudonym of a performer | Phase name |
| Other names | -onym-suffixed words |
| Name of a... | Proper noun of name |
|---|---|
| Any geographical object | Toponym |
| Body of h2o | Hydronym |
| Mountain or colina | Oronym |
| Region or land | Choronym |
| Any inhabited locality | Econym |
| Village | Comonym |
| Boondocks or city | Astionym |
| Cosmic object | Cosmonym |
| Star | Astronym |
| Other names | -onym-suffixed words |
Brand names
Developing a name for a make or production is heavily influenced past marketing inquiry and strategy to be appealing and marketable. The brand name is often a neologism or pseudoword, such as Kodak or Sony.
Religious names
Two charts from an Arabic re-create of the Secretum Secretorum for determining whether a person will alive or dice based on the numerical value of the patient's name.
In the ancient earth, particularly in the ancient near-east (Israel, Mesopotamia, Arab republic of egypt, Persia) names were thought to be extremely powerful and act, in some ways, as a separate manifestation of a person or deity.[7] This viewpoint is responsible both for the reluctance to use the proper name of God in Hebrew writing or speech, as well as the common understanding in ancient magic that magical rituals had to be carried out "in [someone's] name". Past invoking a god or spirit by name, one was thought to exist able to summon that spirit's ability for some kind of miracle or magic (see Luke 9:49, in which the disciples claim to have seen a man driving out demons using the proper noun of Jesus). This understanding passed into subsequently religious tradition, for instance the stipulation in Catholic exorcism that the demon cannot be expelled until the exorcist has forced it to give up its proper name, at which betoken the proper name may be used in a stern command which will drive the demon away.
Biblical names
In the Former Testament, the names of individuals are meaningful, and a change of name indicates a change of status. For example, the patriarch Abram and his wife Sarai were renamed "Abraham" and "Sarah" at the establishment of the Abrahamic covenant (Genesis 17:four, 17:fifteen). Simon was renamed Peter when he was given the Keys to Heaven. This is recounted in the Gospel of Matthew chapter sixteen, which according to Roman Catholic teaching[8] was when Jesus promised to Saint Peter the power to take binding actions.[9] Proper names are "saturated with meaning".[10]
Throughout the Bible, characters are given names at birth that reverberate something of significance or describe the form of their lives. For example: Solomon meant peace,[xi] and the king with that proper name was the first whose reign was without state of war.[12] Likewise, Joseph named his firstborn son Manasseh (Hebrew: "causing to forget")(Genesis 41:51); when Joseph also said, "God has made me forget all my troubles and everyone in my father's family." Biblical Jewish people did not take surnames which were passed from generation to generation. However, they were typically known every bit the child of their father. For example: דוד בן ישי (David ben Yishay) meaning, David, son of Jesse (ane Samuel 17:12,58). Today, this fashion of name is still used in Jewish religious rites.
Indian name
Indian names are based on a variety of systems and naming conventions, which vary from region to region. Names are as well influenced by religion and caste and may come from epics. Republic of india'due south population speaks a wide multifariousness of languages and nearly every major religion in the world has a following in India. This diversity makes for subtle, often confusing, differences in names and naming styles. Due to historical Indian cultural influences, several names beyond Due south and Southeast Asia are influenced by or adapted from Indian names or words.
For some Indians, their birth name is dissimilar from their official proper noun; the birth name starts with a randomly selected name from the person's horoscope (based on the nakshatra or lunar mansion corresponding to the person's birth).
Many children are given iii names, sometimes as a part of religious educational activity.
Quranic names (Arabic names)
We can see many Arabic names in the Quran and in Muslim people, such every bit Allah, Muhammad, Khwaja, Ismail, Mehboob, Suhelahmed, Shoheb Ameena, Aaisha, Sameena, Rumana, Swaleha, etc. The names Mohammed and Ahmed are the same, for example Suhel Ahmad or Mohammad Suhel are the same. There are many similar names in Islam and Christianity, such every bit Yosef (Islamic)/Joseph (Christian), Adam/Adam, Dawood/David, Rumana/Romana, Maryam/Mary, Nuh/Noah, etc.
Name utilize past animals
The use of personal names is non unique to humans. Dolphins[thirteen] and green-rumped parrotlets[14] also use symbolic names to address contact calls to specific individuals. Individual dolphins have distinctive signature whistles, to which they will respond even when at that place is no other information to clarify which dolphin is being referred to.
See also
- Chinese proper name
- Human names
- Legal proper noun
- List of adjectival forms of place names
- Name calling – a form of exact abuse
- Names of God
- Numeral (linguistics)
- Onomastics – the study of proper names
- Popular cat names
- Title (publishing)
References
- ^ "Online Etymology Dictionary". Archived from the original on 2008-09-28. Retrieved 2008-09-20 . ; The asterisk earlier a give-and-take indicates that information technology is a hypothetical structure, not an attested class.
- ^ "personal name". Merriam-Webster.com. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ a b "Full general words for names, and types of name". macmillandictionary.com. Macmillan Dictionary. Retrieved xviii June 2018.
- ^ a b Fabry, Merrill (Baronial xvi, 2016). "At present You Know: Why Do Nosotros Have Middle Names?" (web article). Fourth dimension.com. Time. Retrieved 18 June 2018.
- ^ Room 1996, p. half dozen.
- ^ Barolini 2005, p. 91, 98.
- ^ "Egyptian Religion", Eastward. A. Wallis Budge", Arkana 1987 edition, ISBN 0-xiv-019017-1
- ^ Catechism of the Catholic Church building, para 881: "The episcopal college and its head, the Pope" Archived 2010-09-06 at the Wayback Motorcar
- ^ The Routledge Companion to the Christian Church by Gerard Mannion and Lewis S. Mudge (Jan thirty, 2008) ISBN 0415374200 page 235
- ^ Baruch Hochman, Graphic symbol in Literature (Cornell University Press, 1985), 37.
- ^ Campbell, Mike. "Meaning, origin and history of the name Solomon". Behind the Proper noun . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
- ^ "Solomon, the Male monarch". www.dawnbible.com . Retrieved 2018-12-27 .
- ^ "Dolphins Name Themselves With Whistles, Report Says". National Geographic News. May 8, 2006. Archived from the original on November xiv, 2006.
- ^ Berg, Karl Due south.; Delgado, Soraya; Okawa, Rae; Beissinger, Steven R.; Bradbury, Jack West. (2011-01-01). "Contact calls are used for private mate recognition in gratis-ranging greenish-rumped parrotlets, Forpus passerinus". Animal Behaviour. 81 (i): 241–248. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.10.012. ISSN 0003-3472. S2CID 42150361.
Sources
- Barolini, Teodolinda, ed. (2005). Medieval Constructions in Gender And Identity: Essays in Honor of Joan M. Ferrante. Tempe: Arizona Eye for Medieval and Renaissance Studies. ISBN9780866983372.
- Bruck, Gabriele vom; Bodenhorn, Barbara, eds. (2009) [2006]. An Anthropology of Names and Naming (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Academy Press.
- Fraser, Peter Grand. (2000). "Ethnics as Personal Names". Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Evidence (PDF). Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 149–157.
- Roberts, Michael (2017). "The Semantics of Demonyms in English language". The Semantics of Nouns. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 205–220. ISBN978-0-19-873672-1.
- Room, Adrian (1996). An Alphabetical Guide to the Linguistic communication of Proper name Studies. Lanham and London: The Scarecrow Press. ISBN9780810831698.
Further reading
- "Names" by Sam Cumming, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP), a philosophical dissertation on the syntax and semantics of names
- Pilcher, Jane (2017). "Names, Bodies and Identities". Sociology. fifty (four): 764–779. doi:10.1177/0038038515582157. S2CID 145136869.
- Matthews, Elaine; Hornblower, Simon; Fraser, Peter Marshall, Greek Personal Names: Their Value as Bear witness, Proceedings of the British Academy (104), Oxford University Press, 2000. ISBN 0-19-726216-3
- Proper noun and Form – from Sacred Texts Buddhism
External links
 | Wikiquote has quotations related to Proper noun . |
 | Wikimedia Commons has media related to names. |
- Lexicon of Greek Personal Names, Oxford (over 35,000 published names)
- Behind The Name, The etymology of first names
- The Name Tradition In The Christian Culture
- Kate Monk's Onomastikon Names over the earth throughout the history
- . Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). 1911.
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name
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